甘草多糖对鼠伤寒沙门菌诱导的巨噬细胞氧化-抗氧化平衡紊乱的调解

为了探讨甘草多糖对鼠伤寒沙门菌诱发巨噬细胞氧化-抗氧化平衡紊乱的调节作用。将0、1、20和100 mg/L甘草多糖4个质量浓度组与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞共孵育,同时每组按1∶1加入鼠伤寒沙门菌SL1344;利用ELISA试剂盒检测各组丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA),活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO),诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSHPX),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)变化情况;利用荧光显微镜和荧光酶标仪观察甘草多糖对鼠伤寒沙门菌引起巨噬细胞产生ROS的影响;利用乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)细胞毒性试剂盒检测巨噬细胞上清LDH水平。结果表明,鼠伤寒沙门菌可诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞发生氧化损伤,导致NO(4.65±1.07)μmol/L、iNOS(15.46±0.92)U/mL、MDA(3.46±0.39)nmol/L和ROS(3.69±0.31)U/mL氧化水平以及LDH水平显著升高,而GSH-PX(15.58±1.35)nmol/L、SOD(13.32±0.92)NU/mL和T-AOC(8.36±0.60)U/mL抗氧化水平显著降低。荧光显微镜和荧光酶标仪检测显示,鼠伤寒沙门菌感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞ROS水平显著升高。甘草多糖呈剂量依赖明显降低细胞氧化水平和增强抗氧化水平。甘草多糖作为重要的免疫调节剂,能够调节鼠伤寒沙门菌引起的巨噬细胞氧化损伤,维持细胞氧化-抗氧化平衡。     

黄芩纤维构成及黄酮含量的差异分析

为分析不同粒度黄芩颗粒纤维构成及黄酮含量的差异性,以5种黄芩为研究对象,分别对不同品种、不同粒度的黄芩样品中木质素、半纤维素和纤维素等纤维构成及黄芩甙、汉黄芩甙、黄芩素和汉黄芩素等主要黄酮含量进行了测定。通过方差分析发现,不同粒度黄芩中纤维构成、黄芩甙、黄芩素和总黄酮含量差异显著(P<0.05),汉黄芩甙和汉黄芩素含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的超声提取工艺研究

何首乌中的二苯乙烯苷成分具有明显的抗衰老、降低胆固醇和保肝作用。利用超声波技术提取制首乌中的二苯乙烯苷,可提高二苯乙烯苷成分的提取效率。通过单因素和正交试验,探讨工艺条件对超声提取二苯乙烯苷的影响。结果表明,超声波提取二苯乙烯苷的较佳工艺条件为:制首乌粉末粒度80目、提取溶剂为体积分数90%的乙醇、料液比为(质量∶体积)1∶60、提取时间为7min。     

Changes in mineral nitrogen, phosphorus availability and salt-extractable aluminium following the application of green manure residues in two weathered soils of South Vietnam

Phosphorus deficiency and aluminium toxicity in weathered soils can be amended by applying organic residues. Nitrogen mineralization, changes in P-availability and changes in salt-extractable Al following the incorporation of residues of various green manures (Flemingia congesta, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Tithonia diversifolia) were quantified in a field core incubation experiment. Dried residues were added at an application rate of 45 kg P ha⁻¹ to two soils representative for the main soil groups of the South Vietnamese uplands, set up in incubation cores in an experimental field near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Decomposition of the residues proceeded at high rates. Mineralized nitrogen from the residues was recovered mainly as ammonium during the first 2 weeks of incubation. Nitrogen release from Tithonia residues with the highest lignin content and lignin:N ratio occurred more gradually compared to the three legumes. Resin-extractable P was significantly increased by residue treatments. Largest and sustained increases in resin-extractable P (0.67 and 2.06 mg P kg⁻¹ in the two soils) were observed in samples amended with Tithonia, which was related to the large P-content (0.37%) and small C:P ratio (110) of the residues. The P-concentration in the residues, rather than the total amount of P applied through the residues, affected the increase in P-availability. The increase in resin-extractable P was correlated to the P-content (R=0.64) and C:P ratio (R=−0.65) of the residues. Salt-extractable Al-concentrations were considerably reduced by the organic amendments, up to 70 and 50% in the two soils. At the rate of 45 kg P ha⁻¹, no significant differences between the residue treatments to reduce soil acidity were observed.As such, the application of high quality residues that are rich in P, in particular T. diversifolia, may enhance crop production by creating favourable soil conditions during the initial stages of plant development of the main crop.     

白浆土型人参栽培床土的分形维数特征

运用土壤颗粒表面分形维数计算方法，研究了吉林省白浆土型人参栽培床土的分形维数的特点。结果表明白浆土型人参床土颗粒表面的分形维数介于2.890～2.963之间，并随黏度增加有增大的趋势。同时统计分析表明，土粒表面分形维数与土壤的容重、孔隙度及难效水(水吸力>60 kPa)均具有显著相关性(相关系数分别为0.747^*，0.796^*和0.798^*)；与土壤中>0.25 mm团聚体的百分含量呈极显著的相关(相关系数为0.826^**)。分形维数可以作为衡量白浆土型人参床土的物理肥力指标之一。     

Long‐term effects of leguminous cover crops on microbial indices and their relationships in soils of a coconut plantation of a humid tropical region

In this study, leguminous crops like Atylosia scarabaeoides, Centrosema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Pueraria phaseoloides. grown as soil cover individually in the interspaces of a 19‐yr‐old coconut plantation in S. Andaman (India) were assessed for their influence on various microbial indices (microbial biomass C, biomass N, basal respiration, ergosterol, levels of ATP, AMP, ADP) in soils (0–50 cm) collected from these plots after 10 years. The effects of these cover crops on . CO₂ (metabolic quotient), adenylate energy charge (AEC), and the ratios of various soil microbial properties viz., biomass C : soil organic C, biomass C : N, biomass N : total N, ergosterol : biomass C, and ATP : biomass C were also examined. Cover cropping markedly enhanced the levels of organic matter and microbial activity in soils after the 10‐yr‐period. Microbial biomass C and N, basal respiration, . CO₂, ergosterol and levels of ATP, AMP, ADP in the cover‐cropped plots significantly exceeded the corresponding values in the control plot. While the biomass C : N ratio tended to decrease, the ratios of biomass N : total N, ergosterol : biomass C, and ATP : biomass C increased significantly due to cover cropping. Greater ergosterol : biomass C ratio in the cover‐cropped plots indicated a decomposition pathway dominated by fungi, and high . CO₂ levels in these plots indicated a decrease in substrate use efficiency probably due to the dominance of fungi. The AEC levels ranged from 0.80 to 0.83 in the cover‐cropped plots, thereby reflecting greater microbial proliferation and activity. The ratios of various microbial and chemical properties could be assigned to three different factors by principal components analysis. The first factor (PC1) with strong loadings of ATP : biomass C ratio, AEC, and . CO₂ reflected the specific metabolic activity of soil microbes. The ratios of ergosterol : biomass C, soil organic C : total N, and biomass N : total N formed the second factor (PC2) indicating a decomposition pathway dominated by fungi. The biomass C : N and biomass C : soil organic C ratios formed the third principal component (PC3), reflecting soil organic matter availability in relation to nutrient availability. Overall, the study suggested that Pueraria phaseoloides. or Atylosia scarabaeoides were better suited as cover crops for the humid tropics due to their positive contribution to soil organic C, N, and microbial activity.     

氯化钙对野葛块根低温贮藏生理生化指标的影响

研究氯化钙对野葛低温贮藏生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:在2%的氯化钙处理下,4℃低温可明显抑制贮藏期间块根含水量的下降,并且可使可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量增加,有利于野葛块根采后的贮藏.     

一株分离自葛藤根际高效溶磷细菌特性研究及菌株鉴定

对分离自葛藤(Pueraria lobata L.)根际的一株高效溶磷细菌GTR15进行促生特性、主要生理生化指标测定和16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明,菌株GTR15的HD/CD值(溶磷圈直径HD,菌落直径CD)为2.22,28℃液体振荡培养7 d后对磷酸钙的溶解量为138.72 mg.L-1,分泌IAA(3-吲哚乙酸)及有机酸量分别为14.44 mg.L-1、46.00 mmol.L-1。菌株革兰氏染色为阴性,细胞短杆状;淀粉水解、吲哚、V-P(二乙酰试验)、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、明胶液化及M-R(甲基红)试验呈阴性;柠檬酸盐、过氧化氢酶、硫化氢及硝酸盐还原等试验呈阳性,结合菌株16S rDNA序列分析结果,初步鉴定为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。该菌株在研制高效微生物磷肥接种剂方面可能具有较大潜力。     

牛膝细胞转化苗的田间培植

经过近1年的实验室工作,于1997年5月得到发育良好的牛膝细胞转化苗.1997年6月将室内培植14日的6棵幼苗移栽至田间.种植1O日后去弱保留3棵.1997年1O月收获种子.一部分留样,一部分于1998年5月进行田间播种,扩大种植.     

葛藤主要节肢动物种群种间协变的研究

研究了葛藤节肢动物中10个主要种群的相互关系。采用Pearson积矩相关分析的结果表明：有9个种对呈极显著相关，有3个种对呈显著相关。以叶蝉类和豆突眼长蝽种对间的关联程度最高，为-0．781，二者均取食叶片，存在着激烈的竞争关系；隐翅虫类和叶甲类种对，其相关系数为0．737，两者之间为极显著的正协变，即随着一个种群的数量上升另一个种群的数量也会跟着上升，二者之间表现为捕食关系。采用Spearman秩相关分析的结果表明：有7个种对问呈极显著相关，2个种对呈显著相关。以叶蝉类和豆突眼长蝽种对间的接相关系数最高，为-0．728，积矩相关分析的结论一致；豆突眼长蝽和筛豆龟蝽之间存在着显著的正协变，相关系数为0．408，二者具有某种程度上的依存关系。